Publications

Refereed Journal Articles, Proceedings & Book Chapters

YouTube_Research_Methods_KhanSocial media use has become an integral part of the lives of billions across the globe. As a modern media powerhouse, YouTube is the world’s most popular video-sharing site (Alexa, 2021). The largest market for YouTube is the United States (14.8%), followed by India (8.1%). Over 70% of the views on YouTube are from mobile devices (Cooper, 2019). YouTube content is diverse, emanating from a broad range of audiences, in a number of languages, and in a variety of genres (Khan, 2017). Videos are one of the most engaging media, and such a high level of activity on this social media platform necessitates a thorough analysis of the content posted in the form of videos and comments. We define social media analytics research as the use of varied tools and techniques to make sense of online activities and conversations by obtaining, refining, analyzing, and visualizing social media data. Such analyses can include both quantitative and qualitative research techniques with the aim of understanding online user behavior, needs, perceptions, and challenges. In this chapter, we shed light on the various tools for YouTube data collection. These include the more recent social media analytics techniques that often employ ‘big data’. In addition, we discuss seminal research centered on YouTube, highlight limitations, and sum up the various practices to effectively conduct YouTube research. Furthermore, we offer two case studies to illuminate the latest research on the platform and the methods employed to answer the research questions. In discussing the significance of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning, we conclude by advocating the need for collaboration across varied academic disciplines.

 

  • Khan, M. Laeeq, Malik, A., Ruhi, U., Al-Busaidi, A., (2022). Conflicting attitudes: Analyzing social media data to understand early discourse on COVID-19 passports, Technology in Society, 68, 101830, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101830

COVID-19PassportCertirficateIn several countries, vaccine passports are being encouraged to hasten the return to some form of normalcy amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A vaccine passport is a digital or paper document that may serve as proof of the COVID-19 vaccine, thereby allowing entry to public venues, sporting events, air travel, and unrestricted access to other facilities. This study explores how the COVID-19 passport is being discussed and perceived on Twitter and the prominent entities involved in the early discourse on the issue. Twitter messages were theoretically analyzed for Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables, as well as message source, engagement, and attitudes towards vaccination certificates. Using quantitative content analysis, tweets were coded on nine dimensions: account type, tweeter profile, tweet content, tweet modality, attitude, self-efficacy, perceived barriers, benefits, and action cues. Most of the tweets originated from personal accounts, followed by media organizations, media-related personalities, politicians, and the travel industry. A significant number of tweets were from male Twitter users. Our analysis revealed that most tweeters had a favorable attitude towards the COVID-19 passports. Unfavorable attitudes toward the COVID-19 passport were based on reasons such as a lack of common standard or consensus and personal freedoms & human rights. Tweets highlighting the benefits of COVID-19 passports cited travel as the primary reason. Based on a combination of technical, legal, and ethical practices, our study offers a set of vital recommendations for governments, health organizations, and businesses that may help stimulate the acceptance of vaccine passports.

Malik-etal2021_HIVDiscussionsThe novel settings provided by social media facilitate users to seek and share information on a wide array of subjects, including healthcare and wellness. Analyzing health-related opinions and discussions on these platforms complement traditional public health surveillance systems to support timely and effective interventions. This study aims to characterize the HIV-related conversations on Twitter by identifying the prevalent topics and the key events and actors involved in these discussions. Through Twitter API, we collected tweets containing the hashtag #HIV for a one-year period. After pre-processing the collected data, we conducted engagement analysis, temporal analysis, and topic modeling algorithm on the analytical sample (n=122,807). Tweets by HIV/AIDS/LGBTQ activists and physicians received the highest level of engagement. An upsurge in tweet volume and engagement was observed during global and local events such as World Aids Day and HIV/ AIDS awareness and testing days for trans-genders, blacks, women, and the aged population. Eight topics were identified that include “stigma”, “prevention”, “epidemic in the developing countries”, “World Aids Day”, “treatment”, “events”, “PrEP”, and “testing”. Social media discussions offer a nuanced understanding of public opinions, beliefs, and sentiments about numerous health-related issues. The current study reports various dimensions of HIV-related posts on Twitter. Based on the findings, public health agencies and pertinent entities need to proactively use Twitter and other social media by engaging the public through involving influencers. The undertaken methodological choices may be applied to further assess HIV discourse on other popular social media platforms.

  • Malik, A., Khan, M. L., & Quan-Haase A., (2021). Public Health Agencies Outreach through Instagram during COVID-19 Pandemic: Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Perspective, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 61, 102346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102346 [PDF]

Malik-Khan-QuanHaase_InstagramHealth-2021Abstract: Governmental and non-governmental institutions increasingly use social media as a strategic tool for public outreach. Global spread, promptness, and dialogic potentials make these platforms ideal for public health monitoring and emergency communication in crises such as COVID-19. Drawing on the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication framework, we sought to examine how leading health organizations use Instagram for communicating and engaging during the COVID-19 pandemic. We manually retrieved Instagram posts together with relevant metadata of four health organizations (WHO, CDC, IFRC, and NHS) shared between January 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. Two coders manually coded the analytical sample of 269 posts related to COVID-19 on dimensions including content theme, gender depiction, person portrayal, and image type. We further analyzed engagement indices associated with the coded dimensions. The CDC and WHO were the most active of all the assessed organizations with respect to the number of posts, reach, and engagement indices. Most of the posts were about personal preventive measures and mitigation, general advisory and vigilance, and showing gratitude and resilience. An overwhelming level of engagement was observed for posts representing celebrity, clarification, and infographics. Instagram can be an effective tool for health organizations to convey their messages during crisis communication, notably through celebrity involvement, clarification posts, and the use of infographics. There is much opportunity to strengthen the role of health organizations in countering misinformation on social media by providing accurate information, directing users to credible sources, and serving as a fact-check for false information.

  • Khan, M. Laeeq, Ittefaq, M., Pantoja, Y., Raziq, M., & Malik, A. (2021). Public Engagement Model to analyze digital diplomacy on Twitter: A social media analytics framework, International Journal of Communication, 15, 1741-1769, https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/15698 [PDF]

PEM-SMA_frontAbstract: Social media’s pervasiveness has created new demands for openness, transparency, real-time communication, and public engagement in diplomacy. In this study, we analyze public engagement strategies for diplomacy on Twitter that were employed by a German ambassador. By applying a text analytics approach, we explored the ambassador’s tweets’ core themes, how people reacted to those tweets, and what type of topics received higher engagement for 2 years. Eight themes emerged from our analysis of the tweets: democracy, politics and law; society and culture; conflict and violence; personality; environment and health; economic and social development; personal life; and embassy affairs. By analyzing the tweets’ content, we present a public engagement model (PEM) for social media communication by highlighting 3 key factors that promote online public engagement: self-disclosure, positive attitude, and inquisitiveness. Results suggest that over 2 years, the German ambassador was a highly engaging personality in Pakistan, with around 4,369 interactions and highlighted positive diplomatic communication on Twitter. Tweets were positive, courteous, respectful, personalized, interactive, and direct.

  • Otieno, A. W.,  Roark, J., Khan, M. Laeeq, Pant, S., Grijalva, M. J., & Titsworth, Scott, (2020). The kiss of death – Unearthing conversations surrounding Chagas disease on YouTube, Cogent Social Sciences, 7:1, 1858561, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1858561 [PDF]

Abstract: This study employed Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT), Health Belief Model (HBM) and a mix of techniques to highlight the important role of social media in health communication. A total of 602 comments posted by YouTube users as they interacted with news items reporting on Chagas disease were thus analyzed. A web-based software called Netlytic was used to capture and conduct text analytics. The sentiment of user comments on each of the five videos selected for this analysis was measured using SentiStrength. This study, therefore, achieved four objectives. First, it determined the most engaging comments amongst YouTube users as they interacted with Chagas disease news information. Second, it identified the most common issues or concerns discussed by YouTube users. Third, it analyzed the extent to which YouTube users commenting about Chagas disease conveyed information related to (a) prevention benefits, (b) barriers, (c) susceptibility to Chagas disease, (d) severity of Chagas and (e) self-efficacy as part of the Health Belief Model. And finally, it measured the levels of positive and negative sentiment in the comments made by YouTube users. Study findings, limitations, and implications for future research have been discussed as well.

  • Yasmeen, A., Ahmad, M., Raziq, M. M., & Khan, M. L. (2020). Structural empowerment, cultural diversity, and interpersonal conflict: Evidence from international NGOs in Pakistan. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 20(2), 125-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595820904391 [PDF]

Yasmeen-etal-2020Abstract: This article examines the relationship between structural empowerment and interpersonal conflict. We examine whether this relationship is moderated by cultural diversity. Although there is some understanding of conflicts in an organization, there is little understanding concerning how conflicts may arise because of structural empowerment. We propose that structural empowerment is positively associated with interpersonal conflict and that this relationship is contingent upon cultural diversity. We draw on survey evidence from 351 employees of international nongovernmental organizations in Pakistan. Our results reveal significant positive relationships among cultural diversity, structural empowerment, and interpersonal conflict and show that where the organization is characterized by a high cultural diversity, the relationship between structural empowerment and interpersonal conflict is stronger, and vice versa. We contribute by offering the first of empirical evidence on the issue using the collectivist context of Pakistan and further extending the research scholarship by offering a contingency of cultural diversity to the structural empowerment and interpersonal conflict relationship. Our study suggests for the managers, a clearer understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the workforce as well as developing a proper socialization process through which a conducive environment for the culturally diverse workforce can be developed.

  • Khan, M. Laeeq (2020). Big Data and Entrepreneurship. In L. M. Mahoney & T. Tang (Eds.), Handbook of Media Management and Business (Volume 2, pp. 391-406). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN-13 : 978-1538115305. [PDF]

BigDataEntrepreneurship-frontBig data is one of the most popular terms of our times that has gained considerable importance. The huge wave of digital transformation impacting individuals, societies, organizations and governments, has transformed how we live, work, interact, and entertain. The pervasive use of the Internet increases the importance of big data and makes a huge mark on the global economy. According to a Forbes article, worldwide big data analytics market is expected to grow to more than $203 billion in 2020 (Press, 2017). Learning Objectives: (1) Understand big data analytics and the role of data scientists in media management. (2) Understand the importance of big data analytics for entrepreneurship. (3) Identify the opportunities and challenges brought by big data and analytics social in media management and business.

  • Khan, M. L., Welser, H. T., Cisneros, C., Manatong, G., & Idris, I. K. (2020). Digital inequality in the Appalachian Ohio: Understanding how demographics, internet access, and skills can shape vital information use (VIU). Telematics and Informatics, 101380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101380 [PDF]

DigitalInequalityAppalachia-frontAbstract: Access to information and resources via the Internet is an increasingly vital dimension of contemporary life. However, there can be several impediments to optimal Internet utilization in the form of access, skills, and motivation. Even when access is available, several digital inequalities arise as citizens often lack the skills and motivations to pursue those vital uses through the Internet to the best of their advantage. Digital inequalities in the hills of the Appalachian area of Ohio are often manifested in terms of social, cultural and geographic divides. Not only do the hills block wireless signals and make cables expensive to install, but regional poverty also drives away telecom investment. We conducted a survey of Appalachian Ohio to explore digital inequity issues and the determinants of online participation for things that matter. Through a number of analyses, we explore how Internet access and digital skills impact online contribution to the community in terms of services and resources considered to be basic social needs: health, employment, education, and social media. These social needs, what we have called Vital Internet Use (VIU) can determine citizens’ political and civic participation, societal contribution, and overall benefit to their communities. Centered on the concepts of digital access, Internet skills, and benefit outcomes, we extend knowledge in this domain and propose a comprehensive framework of VIU.

Misinformation-frontAbstract: The menace of misinformation online has gained considerable media attention and plausible solutions for combatting misinformation have often been less than satisfactory. In an environment of ubiquitous online social sharing, we contend that it is the individuals that can play a major role in halting the spread of misinformation. We conducted a survey (n = 396) to illuminate the factors that predict (i) the perceived ability to recognize false information on social media, and (ii) the behavior of sharing of information without verification. A set of regression analyses reveal that the perceived self-efficacy to detect misinformation on social media is predicted by income and level of education, Internet skills of information seeking and verification, and attitude towards information verification. We also found that sharing of information on social media without verification is predicted by Internet experience, Internet skills of information seeking, sharing, and verification, attitude towards information verification, and belief in the reliability of information. Recommendations regarding information literacy, the role of individuals as media gatekeepers who verify social media information, and the importance of independent corroboration are discussed.

  • Welser, T., Khan, M. L., & Dickard, M., (2019). Digital remediation: social support and online learning communities can help offset rural digital inequality, Information, Communication & Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1566485. [PDF]

RuralInequality-frontAbstract: Based on the view that learning is a fundamentally social activity, this article investigates whether the promotion of knowledge through online community-building has the potential to advance individual and collective cognitions with regards to information and communication technology (ICT) use, and the implications such outcomes have in terms of social inequality. For this study, an online learning community was developed as part of two introductory courses and online collaborative tools were integrated into students’ weekly activities; survey data was then collected to test the effects of the community intervention on students’ perceived socio-technical skills. Survey data (N = 373) shows that social networks and support are important factors that are predictive of engagement and self-efficacy in participatory activities online; that students who grew up in rural areas tend to perceive themselves as less skilled in online participatory activities than students from less rural areas; and that participants in the online learning community reported greater improvements in self-efficacy than students who were not. Literature on digital inequality is used to guide our discussion of the social implications of these findings, and both policy and future research suggestions are addressed.

  • Khan, M. L., Zaher, Z., & Gao, B. (2018). Communicating on Twitter for Charity: Understanding the Wall of Kindness Initiative in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, International Journal of Communication, 12, 25. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/7726. [PDF]

WallofKindness-FrontAbstract: This study highlights the important role of social media for charity through an analysis of tweets about the “Wall of Kindness” charity initiative in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, we employ a theoretical lens of Social Influence to explore how individuals and organizations employed Twitter to promote charitable initiatives. User engagement on Twitter centered on content sharing, identification through hashtags, and imitative behaviors promoted the Wall of Kindness initiative across countries. Results from the thematic analysis revealed that Twitter users were tweeting about the Wall of Kindness to provide information, encourage donations, inspire others into action, and build an online community. Our content analysis revealed that a majority of the tweets were neutral and supportive of the initiative; and users mostly shared textual information, followed by images, and videos, tweeted news links, and solicited donations about the Wall of Kindness. Furthermore, media organizations, wall enthusiasts, and journalists were most active in tweeting about the charity initiative. Implication for future research are discussed.

SocialMediaEngagement-frontAbstract: This study unearths the motives for YouTube user engagement that has been conceptualized as active participation and passive content consumption. In light of the Uses and Gratifications framework, a sample of 1143 registered YouTube users completed online surveys that helped gauge user behavior. Results showed that for participation on YouTube, the strongest predictor for liking and disliking videos was the relaxing entertainment motive; commenting and uploading being strongly predicted by social interaction motive; sharing being strongly predicted by information giving motive. Passive content consumption in the form of video viewing was most strongly predicted by relaxing entertainment motive, and reading comments predicted by information seeking motive. Greater YouTube experience negatively predicted liking, and anonymity played a role in sharing and uploading videos. Males were more likely to dislike YouTube videos in comparison with females.

eBook-frontAbstract: This research explores ebook use among undergraduate students, drawing from the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine ebook usage and adoption. Undergraduates enrolled in a large course at a mid-western university in the United States completed surveys at the beginning and the end of the semester. A great amount of variance was found in ebook use. A small number of students made a large number of highlights, while the majority of students only made a small number of highlights. A majority of students did not utilize the note and bookmark features. Additionally, we found that perceived usefulness of ebooks positively predicted ebook views and perceived ease of use positively predicted ebook highlights. eBook views were also found to positively predict academic performance. Implications of the findings are discussed.

  • Khan, M. L., Wohn, D. Y., & Ellison, N., (2014). Actual Friends Matter: An Internet skills perspective on teens’ informal academic collaboration on Facebook. Computers and Education, 79, 138-147.http://10.1016/j.compedu.2014.08.001. [PDF]

ActualFriendsFacebook-frontAbstract: Social media platforms such as Facebook enable adolescents to collaborate on academic activities, but this kind of participation may require a set of higher-order Internet skills. This study explores the factors that predict informal academic collaboration on Facebook, such as seeking help, discussing schoolwork, and finding class-related resources. Based on survey data collected from high school students (N ¼ 690), we found that academic performance, perceived support from ‘actual’ Facebook friends, higher order Internet skills (especially information seeking skills), and instrumental support from Facebook friends predicted academic collaboration on Facebook. In light of these findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

  • Wohn, D. Y., Ellison, N., Khan, M. L., Fewins-Bliss, R., & Gray, R. (2013). The Role of Social Media in Shaping First-Generation High School Students’ College Aspirations: A Social Capital Lens. Computers and Education, 63, 424-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.01.004[PDF]

SocialCapitalCollege-frontAbstract: Using survey data collected from a sample of high school students in the United States (N ¼ 504), this study examined how different types of social capital associated with parents, close friends, and Facebook Friends were related to students’ confidence about their knowledge of the college application process and their expectations about succeeding in college. We found that social media use plays a significant role only for first-generation students – students whose parents did not graduate from college. For first generation students, finding information about college through social media was associated with higher levels of efficacy about college application procedures. Having access via social media to a broader network of people who could actively answer questions and provide informational support was positively related with first-generation students’ expectations about their ability to be successful in college, but was not the case for non first-generations.

  • Khan, M. L., & Boehmer, J. (2013). Small Business use of Facebook for Marketing: The Case of a Family-Owned Mediterranean Restaurant. Proceedings of the 78th Annual Association for Business Communication International Conference, October 23-26, 2013, New Orleans, LA. [PDF]

SmallBusinessFacebook-frontAbstract: Facebook pages are transforming how organizations and business market themselves and communicate with their audiences. Especially, small businesses are increasingly trying to adopt social media tools to market themselves and gain competitive advantage. The present case study introduces a social capital perspective on social media use for small businesses’ in reaching out to their customers. A social media platform such as Facebook can be a vital element of the overall marketing strategy and be especially valuable for building customer relationships. Potential avenues to build social capital in a small business setting are illustrated, using the case of a family-owned Mediterranean restaurant. Implications for small businesses and future research on this topic are discussed.

  • DeMaagd, K., Chew, H. E., Huang, G., Khan, M. L., Sreenivasan, A., & Larose, R. (2013). The use of public computing facilities by library patrons: Demography, motivations, and barriers. Government Information Quarterly, 30(1), 110-118. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.07.009. [PDF]

GIQ-Govt-PublicLibrary_frontAbstract: Public libraries play an important part in the development of a community. Today, they are seen as more than store houses of books; they are also responsible for the dissemination of online, and offline information. Public access computers are becoming increasingly popular as more and more people understand the need for internet access. Using a series of surveys conducted in 12 libraries across the state of Michigan, the current study is a step towards understanding why the computing facilities are widely used, and what are the motivations behind their use. In addition, barriers and other factors that hinder usage are also discussed. The findings from this study will help policy makers and library administrators evaluate the current allocation of scarce resources, help them promote greater use of the library’s resources, and guide their future course of action. The study is conducted as part of a federally funded public computing center grant.

  • Ellison, N. B., Wohn, D.Y., Khan, M. L., & Fewins-Bliss, R. (2012). Reshaping access: An overview of research on access to higher education, social media and social capital, White paper for Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. [PDF]

ReshapingAccess_wp_frontOur review of the extant literature suggests that there is potential for social media to be leveraged in ways that potential reshape networks and information flows. The literature on college access and post-secondary success points to multiple factors that influence why, when and whether young people pursue higher education. Some of these factors, such as the importance of peer feedback, may be especially well-suited for social media interventions. Although no technological tool is a panacea, social media possess social and technical affordances that might ameliorate college access patterns. We have outlined some of the challenges and opportunities in this space in order to explicate some of these possibilities.

  • Khan, M. L. (2011). Developing a More Robust Approach to Global Supply Chain Information Systems in a Turbulent World. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on Telecommunications & Information Technology (ITERA), April 8-10, 2011, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. [PDF]

ITERA_Khan-SupplyChain-frontAbstract: A global supply chain comprises producers, consumers, distributors, and retailers who may span trans-national boundaries. This paper reviews literature on global supply chains and offers recommendations about the key characteristics of a robust global supply chain information system. Issues related to standards diffusion at an international level are also discussed in light of the network effect theory. A review of an automotive supply chain case study (MOSS) has been presented to highlight the new approach to the effective use of inter-organizational information systems (IOS). Emphasis is laid on an industry standards approach that is non-proprietary and increasingly web-based.

  • Mishra P. & Khan, M. L. (2009). Webcasting. In Stride Handbook – E-Learning (pp. 84-87). IGNOU.[PDF]

webcasting-frontThe transformation of the Internet towards the Web 2.0 and its proliferation has opened new avenues for its use in the education sector. Expansion and development of the broadband services coupled with better and improved infra-structure besides ever increasing content development, have created a nexus in which the benefits of streaming audio and video are increasingly being realized. The tide may be turning in favor of developing countries, where an increasing amount of content is being produced and consumed that is different from the traditional media. As with other Internet technologies that transcend national boundaries, webcasting provides opportunities to receive content ranging from sports to entertainment and education, at the click of a button. Internet users are also offered greater choice in what they view and listen. An Internet user in the United States may view or listen to streaming content produced in another part of the world. Similarly, students in a school in Kenya with access to the Internet may listen to video lectures produced in the United Kingdom. Scientific conferences today are increasingly being webcast to allow those without the means and the ability to physically attend, benefit from experiencing the event. Webcasting offers great potential in the field of distance learning. It serves as a cost effective and efficient mechanism to deliver lectures on a global scale. It also allows for harnessing multiple intelligences for the benefit of a wider audience.

Conference Presentations & Panels

  • Khan, M. Laeeq, Government social media use during a pandemic: Best Practices, Panelist for Diskusi Online Kehumasan: Kepercayaan Publik, Media Digital, dan Transformasi Lembaga di Masa Pandemi December, 2020, Universitas Paramadina, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • Khan, M. L. Social Media Management: Teaching Data Analytics, Social Media Marketing, and  Content Strategy (Teaching Panel), Sponsored by: Media Management, Economics, and Entrepreneurship Division and Communication Technology Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC),  August, 2019, Toronto, Canada.
  • Grigoryan, N; Idris, I.; Gao, B.; King, R.; Khan, M. L.; and Titsworth, S., Navigating Fake News: An Assessment of Students’ New Media Literacy Skills” in News Division, Broadcast Education   Association (BEA), August, 2019, Las Vegas, NV. [2nd Best Paper Award]
  • Khan, M. L. (2018). Theoretical and Ethical Challenges and Strategies of Teaching Digital Analytics, Communication Technology and Newspaper and Online News Divisions, Association for  Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC),  August 09, 2018, Washington D.C.
  • Khan, M. L. (2018). Social Media Analytics at Crossroads, Panel Research Presentation in Something Old, Something New, and Something Borrowed: A Discussion of Mass Communication Research Matrimony, Broadcast Education Association (BEA), April 07-10, 2018, Las Vegas, NV.
  • Khan, M. L. (2017). If You Build It, They Will Post”: The Beneficial Applications of Higher Education Institutions Creating and Utilizing Social Analytics Labs, Human Communication and Technology Division, National Communication Association (NCA), Nov 16-19, 2017, Dallas, TX.
  • Sweitzer, B; Khan, M. L. (2017). Dialogic Orientation of U.S. Universities on Twitter: A Social Media Analytics Approach, Panel: Studying Audience Behavior in a Convergent Environment: Locating Synthesis and Integration in Audience Research and Analytics, Broadcast Education Association (BEA), April 22-25, 2017, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
  • Khan, M. L, Zaher, Z.; Newton, G., (2017). How social media defined Rio Olympics: A text analytics approach towards understanding the impact of Zika Virus, International Communication Association (ICA) Conference, May 25-30, 2017, San Diego, CA, United States.
  • Khan, M. L, Zaher, Z. (2017). Sharing online to caring offline: How social media helped build Walls of Kindness across three countries, International Communication Association (ICA) Conference, May 25-30, 2017, San Diego, CA, United States.
  • Khan, M. L., (2015). It’s all about Relatedness: Social Media Engagement—A Self Determination Framework. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), August 06-09, 2015, San Francisco, C.A., United States.
  • Khan, M. L., (2015). The Dynamics of Social Media Use in the UAE. European Media Management Association (EMMA) Annual Conference, 28-29 May 2015, Hamburg, Germany.
  • Russel, C., & Khan, M. L. (2015). Out-of-School Pakistani Children in the United Arab Emirates, The 59th Annual Conference of the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES 2015), March 8 – 13, Washington D.C.
  • Takahashi, B., Tandoc, E., Khan, M. L., Yuan, S., Oshita, T., & Duan, R. (2014). Social media uses in environmental risks and crises: Reviewing the past and developing new theoretical considerations. National Communication Association (NCA) 100th Annual Conference, Nov 20-23, 2014, Chicago, IL.
  • Khan, M. L., (2014). What motivates users to interact? Understanding Social Media Engagement through Likes/Dislikes, Comments, and Shares. International Communication Association (ICA) 64th Annual Conference, May 22-26, 2014, Seattle, WA.
  • Besley, J., Oh, H., Khan, M. L., Chen, L. (2014). Does Being a Jerk Work: Testing the Impact of Aggressive Communication in the Context of Health and Environmental Risk. International Communication Association (ICA) 64th Annual Conference, May 22-26, 2014, Seattle, WA.
  • Khan, M. L., & Boehmer, J. (2013). Small Business use of Facebook for Marketing: The Case of a Family-Owned Mediterranean Restaurant. In Proceedings of the 78th Annual Association for Business Communication International Conference, October 23-26, 2013, New Orleans, LA.
  • Khan, M. L., (2013). Do you read comments? The appeal of user generated comments on a video-sharing site. Beyond Convergence: Mobile, Social, and Virtual Media Conference, October 24-26, 2013, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV.
  • Khan, M. L., & Solomon, J. (2013). Flaming, Criticism and Appreciation on Social Media – An Analysis of Discourse on YouTube Videos. National Communication Association (NCA), November 21 – 24, 2013, Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Khan, M. L., & Solomon, J. (2013). Advocacy, Entertainment and News—An Analysis of User Participation on YouTube. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), August 08-11, 2013, Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Wohn, D. Y., Ellison, N. B., Khan, M. L., Fewins-Bliss, R., & Gray, R. (2013) Social media and first – generation high school students’ college aspirations, International Communication Association (ICA) Conference.  June 17-21, 2013, London, UK.
  • Khan, M. L., (2012). Comments on YouTube Videos: Understanding the Role of Anonymity. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), August 09-12, 2012, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
  • Terracina-Hartman, C., & Khan, M. L., (2011). Are Trees Social? Social Media usage Among Nonprofit Environmental Groups. Convergence and Society: Journalism, Sustainability, and Media Regeneration, October 26-28, 2011, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
  • Khan, M. L. (2011). Developing a More Robust Approach to Global Supply Chain Information Systems in a Turbulent World. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on Telecommunications & Information Technology (ITERA 2011), April 8-10, 2011, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
  • Khan, M. L., & Hussain, S. A. (2007). The Three-Tiered Model for Strengthening Industry-Academia Linkages. In Proceedings of Pakistan’s 5th National Conference on Quality Assurance in Education. PIQC Institute of Quality, Lahore. Paper presented at PIQC.